Lay surname Zhuang, of Quanzhou. He came to the capital as a young man and was ordained at Tianqing temple after passing the sutra examination. He called on Nanchan Qingya at Sanqu, then studied the Huayan deeply under Dinghui Zunshi in Eastern Wu. Hearing that Lingyuan Weiqing had opened the dharma at Taiping, he went; at an evening session Lingyuan's words struck exactly at his illness and he came to himself. He entered his room, and Lingyuan forged him with the wisdom of distinctions and enjoined silence on him - he attended him for ten years. Foj:ian Qin later made him a seating master. He opened the dharma at Ganlu, then Zifu in Luzhou and Tianning in the Eastern Capital (Kaifeng). His conduct was so severe that he was nicknamed 'Iron Face'. He died seated, having taken leave of the assembly, on 27/12 of 1123, aged 59, with 32 summers. He had eight heirs, including Jiechen, who edited his record.
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